Merging in a practical approach different 2d 3d seismic data sets into a single volume reduces drastically the amount of time spent in the data analysis and interpretation of geological features. Pdf 2d and 3d land seismic data acquisition and seismic. Basic geophysics, seismic fundamentals and 3d seismic exploration. After the students have learned about these different steps in detail, they then apply this knowledge to an exercise.
Wiggle traces started in the field on paper records. Pdf 3d seismic interpretation and forward modelingan. Introduction to 2d3d seismic data acquisition and processing. Aug 21, 2003 3d seismic data have become the key tool used in the petroleum industry to understand the subsurface. First described in the literature 25 years ago walton. Acquisition, processing, and interpretation of pp and ps 3. Oil intends to hire services for carrying out 2d seismic data. In this study, the structural system, and the seismic interpretation of middle cretaceous in jk field in southeast muglad basin were interpreted using 3d seismic data volume, well logs, and seismic attributes. The interpretation of the seismic data sets and later drilling results showed that kamalapuram formation of paleoceneeocene age contain a number of hydrocarbon bearing. Generate a random line along the 2d seismic line sg8043402 and compare the 3d and 2d data. Data acquisition is the process of sampling signals that measure real world physical conditions and converting the resulting samples into digital numeric values that can be manipulated by a computer. These gains are not only tallied through advances in casing, drill string or cutting technologies but also through the unsung technologies that have been recently employed and of them, 3d seismic imaging has seen the greatest returns on investment.
Sarig offers two ways to search for and access seismic segy datasets 1. Seismic hydrocarbon exploration 2d and 3d techniques. Threedimensional migration often produces surprisingly different sections from 2d migrated sections see seismic migration. To follow the first part of the book, the reader is only expected to have an elementary understanding of 2d seismic methods. Hence converted swaves generated from pwave source was used in the survey. Seismic interpretation report post peejay 2d 3d seismic surveys t39p, bass basin, offshore northern tasmania march, 2007 introduction this interpretation report provides documentation of the seismic interpretation conducted in t39p and has been.
The book starts from the introduction of the basic concepts and methods in 3d seismic imaging. The playback center of the 1950s added the variable area display to help the interpreter follow structure. Lesson 11 basics of seismic interpretation youtube. The main use of seismic attributes was to create an intuitive display that.
It is not required to interpret faults on all in and crosslines, but you should show in one or two figures the main fault patterns vertical, horizontal, horizon slices. Focus on the interpretation of the fault pattern in the fault block. Interpretation on each line should proceed from wellimaged, wellconstrained portions of the line toward areas of poorer constraint. The task of interpreting seismic data requires a broad range of skills and knowledge that must tie information at the basin scale to the prospect and wellbore scale. Ppt land and marine seismic acquisition from 2d to 3d. This course discusses the seismic principles necessary for understanding the concepts of seismic data acquisition and processing. One of the three field parties gp x is acquiring 2d land seismic data in west godavari subbasin and.
Fred schroeder, retired from exxonexxonmobil presented on august 3, 2017. Distribution and coordination across pc based networks peter swanson, brian kenner, and todd krahenbuh l1 abstract niosh has developed an automated pcbased seismic event induced earthquake monitoring system for use in mine ground control studies. This book presents the essential principles and applications of seismic oilexploration techniques. Find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
In addition to providing excellent structural images, the dense sampling of a 3d survey makes it possible to map reservoir quality and the distribution of oil and gas. Application of 3d seismic techniques to evaluate ore. Nov 24, 2014 the seismic tool must provide a cost efficient alternative to additional drilling. Prestack merging of different 3d seismic data sets in. A 2d survey typically contains numerous lines acquired orthogonally to the strike of geological structures such as faults and folds with a minimum of lines acquired parallel to geological structures to allow linetoline tying of the.
T7 provides a rich mix of traditional and more innovative methods of seismic interpretation in 2dimensional and 3dimensional contexts. Pdf on jul 14, 20, omid ahmadi and others published 3d seismic interpretation and forward modeling an approach to providing reliable results from 2d seismic data find, read and cite all. Processing and interpretation of these individual 3d data sets have led to more exploration in the area. Pdf 3d seismic interpretation and forward modeling an. The oilfield industry over the past several years has been making vast leaps in drilling efficiency. Robert stewart, department of geology and geophysics. With their knowledge and application, the students should be able to generate a geologica framework. The book can thus be used for teaching a firstlevel graduate class as well as a short course for professionals. Principles of 3d seismic interpretation and applications. A group of 2d seismic lines acquired individually, as opposed to the multiple closely spaced lines acquired together that constitute 3d seismic data. This lesson defines and describes the steps utilized in seismic interpretation.
Structural interpretation from seismic data is indeed a difficult endeavor. Basic geophysics, seismic fundamentals and 3d seismic exploration by r. We firmly believe that the best structural work is done more intuitively in a 3dimensional workspace but we also understand that the systematic, sectionbysection approach is still a useful. The example in figure 1 shows a no reflection zone on the 2d migrated section, while the same zone contains a series of continuous reflections on the 3d migrated section that are easily correlated with reflections outside that zone. Petrel seismic interpretation enables basin, prospect, and fieldscale 2d and 3d seismic interpretation and mapping. How 3d seismic imaging revolutionized the drilling industry. After first 3d seismic data acquisition and processing in gandhar in 199495, the area was covered by a total of twenty different 3d campaigns till date. Unlike traditional seismic interpretation based on labour intensive. Pdf this is a workaround in petrel to generate 3d seismic cube from 2d seismic data. Initial results indicate the data are of high quality and it is now being used to advance our understanding of the hydrocarbon systems. Pdf pros and cons of 2d vs 3d seismic mineral exploration.
Seismic traveltime inversion, traveltime tomography and seismic reflection techniques have been applied for two dimensional 2d and three dimensional 3d data acquired in conjunction with site characterization and monitoring aspects at a carbon dioxide co 2 geological storage site at ketzin, germany the co 2 sink project. Based on the interpretation of the 2d seismic, the company applied for two additional licences in the santaren channel. In every country where the author has consulted 18 countries on 6 continents, 3d techniques are either being used or are under serious consideration. Land and marine seismic acquisition from 2d to 3d 1 land and marine seismic acquisition from 2d to 3d from chapters 712 elements of 3d seismology by chris liner 2. Seismic data or a group of seismic lines acquired individually such that there typically are significant gaps commonly 1 km or more between adjacent lines. The results demonstrate that seismic measurements intended for refraction interpretation can also be successfully processed using reflection seismic processing methods. Users can work with thousands of 2d lines, thousands of kilometers, and multiple 3d vintages and surveysacross multiple coordinate systems with very high visualization performance gpu based. The second and third parties gp y and gp z are deployed in the eastgodavari sub basin of the kg basin, acquiring 3d land seismic data. When designing a 3d survey the most important factors to consider are the geologic requirements of the. Application of 3d seismic techniques to evaluate ore resources in the west wits line goldfield and portions of the west rand goldfield, south africa musa s. In oil and gas applications, 3d seismic exploration is a mature technology that has profoundly influenced all aspects of exploration and development.
Introduction to 2d 3d seismic data acquisition and processing for nongeophysicists by k. Durrheim4 abstract as expensive as 3d seismic reflection surveys are, their high. But for interpretation of stratigraphy, hydrocarbons. Seismic 2d reflection processing and interpretation of. Fred schroeder, retired from exxonexxonmobil presented on august 22, 2017. Pros and cons of 2d vs 3d seismic mineral exploration surveys.
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